The museum also features many artifacts from the Sultana Survivor's Association, as well as a 14-foot model replica of the boat. [10] Many died of drowning or hypothermia. After the disaster, Hatch refused three separate subpoenas to appear before Captain Speed's trial and give testimony (see below). Preston Lodwick, then a consortium including Capt. The Sultana descendants hold an annual reunion to commemorate. In 2015, on the 150th anniversary of the disaster, an interim Sultana Disaster Museum was opened in Marion, Arkansas, the closest town to the buried remains of the steamboat,[citation needed] across the Mississippi River from Memphis. An estimated 1,800 of the 2,400 passengers were killed when three of the ship’s four boilers exploded almost at once and the Sultana sank into the Mississippi near Memphis. Unfortunately for the story, the Sultana was a coal-burning boat, not a wood burner. The disaster has been overlooked in history since it was overshadowed by the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln and the search for his murderer. Jul 2, 2014 - SS Sultana was the worst maritime disaster in U.S. history. The Confederate prison camps were dirty, disease-ridden places and food and medicine were in short supply. Barrett was a veteran of the War with Mexico and had fought bravely with his regiment until captured at Franklin, TN. [6]:198,200,202, Monuments and historical markers to Sultana and her victims have been erected at Memphis, Tennessee;[27] Muncie, Indiana;[28] Marion, Arkansas;[29] Vicksburg, Mississippi;[30] Cincinnati, Ohio;[31] Knoxville, Tennessee;[32] Hillsdale, Michigan[33] and Mansfield, Ohio. [6]:79 First one boiler exploded, followed a split second later by two more. In 2021, the Sultana Disaster Museum will expand its outreach as a means to educate the public to the story or the Sultana and its rightful place in United States history. We present not only the stories of the victims who were on board the Sultana but also the stories of the rescuers and eye-witnesses, and even the stories of the many Union officers involved in the selection and overcrowding of the boat. The soldier paid a local man to ferry him out to the Sultana so he could continue on to Ohio. The broken wood caught fire and turned the remaining superstructure into an inferno. O.V. Contact the Chamber of Commerce at 870-739-6041 to arrange a group tour. Her two side-mounted paddle wheels were driven by four tubular, or fire-tube, boilers. Beginning May 1, the cost is $8 for adults, $5 for children under 12. The last of the Southern survivors, and last overall survivor, was Private Charles M. Eldridge of the 3rd Tennessee Cavalry, who died at his home at age 96 on September 8, 1941, more than 76 years after the Sultana disaster. [34], In 1982, a local archaeological expedition, led by Memphis attorney Jerry O. Potter, uncovered what was believed to be the wreckage of Sultana. The U.S. government would pay $2.75 per enlisted man and $8 per officer to any steamboat captain who would take a group north. After a few Union gunboats filled up their bunkers but refused to pay, the farmer supposedly hollowed out a log, filled it with gunpowder and then left the lethal log on his woodpile. The Sultana was on its way from Vicksburg, Miss., to St. Louis when the explosion occurred, says Jerry Potter, a Memphis lawyer and author … Near midnight, Sultana left Memphis, perhaps leaving behind about 200 men. "If you read my book... you will note that we do not claim the Sultana, nor did Courtenay. She then went a short distance upriver to take on a new load of coal from some coal barges, and then at about 1:00 a.m. started north again.[6]:74–79. In some places the river was three miles wide. It is our commitment to tell the whole story of the steamboat from its construction to its destruction. Website +1 870-739-6041. A boiler explodes, shattering the silence of the night and throwing the hopeless passengers of the SS Sultana into the Mississippi River. Thousands of recently released Union prisoners of war that had been held by the Confederacy at the prison camps of Cahaba near Selma, Alabama, and Andersonville, in southwest Georgia, had been brought to a small parole camp outside of Vicksburg to await release to the North. Discussions are presently ongoing in hopes of the site being acquired by the city, and thereafter leased to the Sultana Historical Preservation Society for its future use. The Chicago Opera Troupe, a minstrel group that had traveled upriver on Sultana before getting off at Memphis, staged a benefit, while the crew of the gunboat Essex raised $1,000.[17]. People have devoted their lives to the ship’s research and preservation. The Sultana Disaster Museum announces it will reopen, effective Thursday June 4th. As a dues paying member, your contribution will play a key role in preserving and telling the story of one of the greatest forgotten events in United States history. [6]:62, Sultana spent two days traveling upriver, fighting against one of the worst spring floods in the river's history. Museum fundraising announcement set for anniversary of disaster [email protected] On April 27, 1865, the steamboat Sultana exploded in the Mississippi River near Marion. At some places, the river overflowed the banks and spread out three miles wide. In the early hours of April 27th, 1865, mere days after the end of the Civil War, the Sultana burst into flames along the Mississippi River. By the mid-1920s, only a handful of survivors were able to attend the reunions. Dozens of photographs of the soldiers, passengers, crew, rescuers, and Union officers involved in the overcrowding bring the people and their stories to life: among them, learn how the unloading of a cargo of sugar carried by the Sultana contributed to the explosion, and how at least one man was saved by an alligator. What hotels are near Sultana Disaster Museum? The master of the Sultana, Captain Mason, who was ultimately responsible for dangerously overloading his vessel and ordering the faulty repairs to her leaky boiler, had died in the explosion. Your support allows the museum to acquire artifacts, maintain an archive of historical documents, support research, and sustain American history. She also carried a crew of 85. [20], An episode of History Detectives that aired on July 2, 2014 reviewed the known evidence, thoroughly disputing a theory of sabotage (see below), and then focused on the question of why the steamboat was allowed to be crowded to several times its normal capacity before departure. Survivors of the explosion panicked and raced for the safety of the water but in their weakened condition soon ran out of strength and began to cling to each other. [6]:29–31, Leaving Vicksburg, Sultana traveled down river to New Orleans, continuing to spread the news of Lincoln's assassination. The Sultana Disaster Museum tells the story of the tragic events of April 27, 1865 through the use of historic artifacts from the Sultana itself and from many of the survivors. Trees along the river bank were almost completely covered, until only the very tops of the trees were visible above the swirling, powerful water. Those men sleeping around the twin openings quickly crawled under the wreckage and down the main stairs. EAST SIDE Co. G, 115th Regt. The ex-soldier died in the disaster, but his best friend survived to tell about that twist of fate. This was true of prison camps on both sides, but life in the southern camps got considerably worse toward the end of the war when the Confederacy was having trouble feeding and caring for its own soldiers and citizens. Acknowledged by Congressional Resolution as the greatest maritime disaster in United States history, nearly 1,200 of the more than 2,200 passengers and crew were killed in the explosion and fire which sank the Sultana near Marion, Arkansas, across the river from Memphis, Tennessee. There is no reason for him to have blown up the boat, especially with himself on board. George Williams, who had placed the men on board, was a regular army officer, and the military refused to go after one of their own. Frederic Speed, the only man ever held accountable for the greatest maritime disaster in American history. [16] The dead soldiers were interred at the Fort Pickering cemetery, located on the south shore of Memphis. Aboard her overcrowded decks were some 1,960 paroled prisoners, 22 guards from the 58th Ohio Volunteer Infantry, 70 paying cabin passengers, and 85 crew members. [6]:129 Eventually, the hulk of Sultana drifted about six miles to the west bank of the river, and sank at around 9:00 a.m. near Mound City and present-day Marion, Arkansas, about seven hours after the explosion. Under the command of Captain James Cass Mason of St. Louis, Sultana left St. Louis on April 13, 1865 bound for New Orleans, Louisiana. [6]:72 Near 7:00 p.m., Sultana reached Memphis, Tennessee and the crew began unloading 120 tons of sugar from the hold. Monument Reads: In Rememberance Of the Delaware County Civil War Veterans / POW's of the 9th Cavalry, 121st Regiment -Especially to those who lost their lives when the Steamboat Sultana Exploded, April 27, 1865, on the Mississippi River, 7 miles North of Memphis. [6]:202 And Captain Hatch, who had concocted a bribe with Captain Mason to crowd as many men onto the Sultana as possible, had quickly quit the service to avoid a court-martial. Being so closely packed within the 48-inch diameter boilers tended to cause the muddy sediment to form hot pockets. Her four boilers were interconnected and mounted side-by-side, so that if the boat tipped sideways, water would tend to run out of the highest boiler. The Sultana, a Civil War era sidewheel steamboat, exploded and burned on the Mississippi River on April 27, 1865. Tubular boilers were pulled from use on steamboats plying the Lower Mississippi after two more steamboats with tubular boilers exploded shortly after the Sultana. [6]:197–202 Capt. Sultana Disaster Museum We are located in downtown Marion, Arkansas, off U.S. Highway 55, just north of the Interstate 40-Highway 55 interchage; directly across the Mississippi River from the … The Greatest Maritime Disaster in United States' History Located in Marion, Arkansas. The twin smokestacks toppled over; the starboard one backwards into the blasted hole, and the port one forward onto the crowded forward section of the upper deck. [26], In spite of the magnitude of the disaster, no one was ever held accountable. *James C. Cook. It was Jerry Potter, (attorney, association member, and author of The Sultana Tragedy), who proposed the first modern location of the wreckage in May 1982. The Sultana Disaster Museum tells the story of the explosion and sinking of the steamboat Sultana 10 miles north of Memphis on April 27, 1865, where over 1,800 of the Sultana's 2,300 passengers were killed. *Indicates those whose lives were lost on the Mississippi Steamer, Sultana when it blew up at Memphis, Tenn., April 27, 1865. The economic advantages came with a safety tradeoff. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}35°11′26″N 90°6′52″W / 35.19056°N 90.11444°W / 35.19056; -90.11444, 19th-century American steamboat that exploded. The event and the aftermath were a tragedy in many ways, not just the explosion of a steamboat. We also present the stories of the men who were freed from Andersonville and Cahaba prisoner of war camps and how, and why, they were grossly overcrowded onto one boat. Designed to carry only 376 passengers plus crew, investigations revealed a litany of corrupt practices, including kickbacks, and bribes paid to high-ranking Union officers caused the overcrowding of the boat. 2 Other Attractions within 5 miles. By preserving the historic structure and transforming it into a modern museum and archive, the Society will be able to more fully educating and entertaining the public by telling one of the most compelling stories of the American Civil War. Launched on 3 January 1863, the Sultana was the fifth river steamboat to bear the name. [25], Then, in 1903, another person came out with a report that the Sultana had been sabotaged by a Tennessee farmer who lived along the river and cut wood for passing steamboats. The bronze plaque reads Memorial to soldiers who served in the Union Army during the Civil War. Perhaps inspired by their Northern comrades, a Southern group of survivors, men from Kentucky and Tennessee began meeting in 1889 around Knoxville, Tennessee. The society has made an agreement with Marion to lease the 17,000square-foot school gym, built in 1937, to be taken over when the school completes a … Featured in the museum are a few relics from the Sultana such as shaker plates from the boat's furnace, furnace bricks, a few pieces of wood, and some small metal pieces. [6]:27–28, Upon reaching Vicksburg, Mississippi, Mason was approached by Captain Reuben Hatch, the chief quartermaster at Vicksburg. The water levels in a tubular system had to be carefully maintained at all times. A few of these are third-person accounts garnered from obituaries, local newspapers, and family histories. The Sultana Disaster Museum will be open Thursdays-Saturdays from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., and Sundays from 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. Designed to carry only 376 passengers plus crew, investigations revealed a litany of corrupt practices, including kickbacks, … Instead, Mason and his chief engineer, Nathan Wintringer, convinced the mechanic to make temporary repairs, hammering back the bulged boiler plate and riveting a patch of lesser thickness over the seam. Without a pilot to steer the boat, Sultana became a drifting, burning hulk. This effect of careening could have been minimized by maintaining high water levels in the boilers. Fundraising for such a vastly expanded facility is being planned in Marion, near the Crittenden County location where the Sultana burned and sank on … The still-in-use gymnasium was built in 1938 by the WPA. On May 19, 1865, less than a month after the disaster, Brig. … 69 Restaurants within 5 miles. Best nearby. Each fire-tube boiler was 18 feet long and 46 inches in diameter and contained 24 five-inch flues, tubes that ran from the firebox to the chimney.[4]. However, the guilty verdict was overturned by the judge advocate general of the army on grounds that Speed had been at the parole camp all day and had never placed one single soldier on board the Sultana. The Sultana Disaster Museum opened in 2015. Sultana museum in Arkansas memorializes 1,800 who died in river by Jack Schnedler | July 3, 2018 at 2:04 a.m. Sultana Disaster Museum in Marion tells … [35] The museum is only temporary until enough funds can be raised to build a permanent museum. You may join at any level from deck crew member to Captain/Master. Additionally, it was a particularly bad day to be out on the water. The Mississippi River was experiencing high water levels as melting snow from up north flooded its banks. Under the command of Captain James Cass Mason of St. Louis, Sultana left St. Louis on April 13, 1865 bound for New Orleans, Louisiana. 2), built in 1860 but coming downriver on her maiden voyage after being refurbished,[9] arrived at about 2:30 a.m., a half hour after the explosion, and arrived at the site of the burning wreck to rescue scores of survivors. Inf. 1, which tends to become brittle with prolonged heating and cooling. June 2016 to July 2017 research by Gene Eric Salecker, Photograph identifications from Sultana Disaster Museum historian Gene Eric Salecker, The St. Louis Daily Missouri Democrat, April 29, 1865 states that the "steamer Sultana left New Orleans on Friday evening the 21st, with about seventy cabin passengers, and about eighty five employees on the boat.". The exact death toll is unknown, although the most recent evidence indicates 1,168. Immediately, Captain Mason grabbed an armload of Cairo newspapers and headed south to spread the news, knowing that telegraphic communication with the South had been almost totally cut off because of the war. Blackened wooden deck … The Sultana was a 260-foot-long wooden steamboat, built in Cincinnati in 1863, which regularly transported passengers and freight between St. Louis and New Orleans on the Mississippi River. In 1929, only two men attended the Southern reunion. Frames 5, 6 and 7 have an approx 65 men of the 115th. The official inquiry found that the boat's boilers exploded due to the combined effects of careening, low water level, and a faulty repair to a leaky boiler made a few days earlier.[19]. For a classic "wedding cake" design steamboat, constructed of layers of highly flammable lightweight wood covered with paint and varnish, the likelihood was that any such incident would be catastrophic. Acknowledged by Congressional Resolution as the greatest maritime disaster in United States history, nearly 1,200 of the more than 2,200 passengers and crew were killed in the explosion and fire which sank the Sultana near Marion, Arkansas, across the river from Memphis, Tennessee. Although designed with a capacity of only 376 passengers, she was carrying 2,137 when three of the boat's four boilers exploded and she burned to the waterline and sank near Memphis, Tennessee. The letters reside in the National Archives in Washington DC. [6]:33,34–35,38,40–41, While the paroled prisoners, primarily from the states of Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Kentucky, Tennessee and West Virginia,[6]:226–290 were brought from the parole camp to Sultana, a mechanic was brought down to work on the leaky boiler. The Sultana disaster happened on the Mississippi River on the boarder between Helena, Arkansas and Memphis, Tennessee. Using modern technology, he determined that there was a very large object buried about 30 feet below the surface of the earth. [6]:146–147,168–176, Passengers who survived the initial explosion had to risk their lives in the icy spring runoff of the Mississippi or burn with the boat. The steamer registered 1,719 tons[2] and normally carried a crew of 85. Frederick Speed, a Union officer who sent the 1,960 paroled prisoners into Vicksburg from the parole camp, was charged with grossly overcrowding Sultana and found guilty. Join us in the effort to preserve this historic building and the story of the Steamboat Sultana, the "greatest maritime disaster in United States' history.". After extensive historical research, he teamed with author Clive Cussler to use a water probe that came up with samples of glass and charred wood, which they took as location verification. Contact. The wreck is further pinpointed as occuring between Mile 743.4 (Redman Point, Arkansas) and Harrison's and Bradley's landings. Built for speed and capacity, the vessel measured 260 feet long, was 39 feet wide at the base, 42 feet wide at the beam, displaced 719 tons, and drew just 7 feet of water. Most of the passengers were paroled Union soldiers just released from Andersonville and Cahaba Confederate prison camps. [15] In 1880, the War Department, Pensions and Records Department, placed the number of survivors at 931 but the most recent research places the number at 969. As I posted a few days ago, Fold3's information feature unbelievably identifies many of the soldiers on the Sultana as being in the Confederate Navy. With the fires still going against the empty boiler, this created hot spots. [6]:79–85, While this fight for survival was taking place, the southbound steamer Bostona (No. The main channel now flows about 2 miles (3 km) east of its 1865 position.[11]. Instead of taking two or three days, the temporary repair took only one. Learn more about the Marion, Arkansas community, and the sights, food and entertainment opportunities of this Memphis area community. In recent years, there has been renewed interest in exploring 'America's greatest maritime disaster,' thanks in no small part to efforts led by the Marion Chamber of Commerce and a handful of history-minded enthusiasts … Exploded and sank, April 27, 1865, on Mississippi River seven miles north of Memphis, Tennessee. The purpose of the Sultana Disaster Museum is to tell the story of the disaster that occurred on April 27, 1865, and the events that led up to it. [6]:193–197, In 1888, a St. Louis resident named William Streetor claimed that his former business partner, Robert Louden, made a confession of having sabotaged the Sultana by the use of a coal torpedo while they were drinking in a saloon. [12] In February 1867, the Bureau of Military Justice placed the death toll at 1,100. [14] The official count by the United States Customs Service was 1,547. An estimated 1,800 of the 2,400 passengers were killed when three of the boat’s four boilers exploded and the Sultana sank near Memphis. Eventually, the group settled on meeting in the Toledo, Ohio, area. Over 1,500 soldiers and civilians lost their lives. The new location will serve to welcome more visitors to the city. In December 1885, the survivors living in the northern states of Indiana, Michigan, and Ohio began attending annual reunions, forming the National Sultana Survivors' Association. John Fogleman is President of the Board of Directors at the Sultana Historical Preservation Society in Marion, AR. ", 15th Michigan Volunteer Infantry Regiment, http://charleysandage.com/?post_type=album&p=469, "Sultana: A Tragic Postscript to the Civil War", https://www.nationalboard.org/SiteDocuments/General%20Meeting/Jennings.pdf, "The Sultana Disaster (Coal Torpedo theory)", http://www.pbs.org/opb/historydetectives/investigation/civil-war-sabotage/, Sultana museum in Arkansas memorializes 1,800 who died in river, "Surviving the Worst: The Wreck of the Sultana at the End of the American Civil War", "Blues in the Water, by King's German Legion", "Ardent Presents: Cory Branan – "The Wreck of the Sultana, Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1865, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sultana_(steamboat)&oldid=1013615673, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Initially Capt. 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